Pengembangan Model Pengukuran Iklim Ergonomi dalam Manajemen Keselamatan Perusahaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2019.18.2.3Keywords:
iklim ergonomi, manajemen keselamatan kerja, keluhan otot rangka, stresAbstract
Abstrak. Ergonomi bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aspek kesehatan dan kenyamanan kerja. Keluhan otot rangka dan stres akibat pekerjaan merupakan dua masalah yang saat ini banyak ditemui di dalam perusahaan yang diakibatkan oleh lemahnya iklim ergonomi di perusahaan. Referensi terkait iklim ergonomi masih terbatas. Salah satu paper terbaru mengukur iklim ergonomic terbatas hanya atas komitmen manajemen, keterlibatan pekerja, analisis bahaya pekerjaan, dan pelatihan dan pengetahuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model pengukuran iklim ergonomi untuk digunakan di suatu perusahaan sebagai umpan balik perbaikan dalam meminimasi keluhan otot rangka dan stress kerja. Pengembangan model melibatkan sebanyak 265 responden karyawan perusahaan manufaktur pesawat. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan delapan dimensi iklim ergonomi, yaitu komitmen dan keterlibatan manajemen, manajemen pengetahuan dan pelatihan, keterlibatan pekerja, sistem komunikasi dan identifikasi bahaya, sistem pelaporan bahaya dan tindak lanjut, kebijakan dan prosedur, manajemen sumber daya, dan manajemen perencanan dan prioritas. Instrumen yang telah dihasilkan kemudian diujicoba dengan melibatkan 120 responden karyawan perusahaan kontraktor pertambangan. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan bahwa iklim ergonomi berkorelasi dengan iklim keselamatan kerja dan memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap keluhan otot rangka dan stres akibat pekerjaan.
Kata kunci: iklim ergonomi, manajemen keselamatan kerja, keluhan otot rangka, stres
Abstract. Ergonomics is aimed to improved health and comfort at work. Musculoskeletal complaints and work-related stress are two problems that are commonly found in companies due to lack of ergonomics climate. Little references are available on the concept of ergonomics climate. A new published paper measured ergonomics climate limted to management commitment, employee engagement, occupational hazards analysis, and training and knowledge. The purpose of this study was to develop an ergonomic climate measurement model that can be praticaly used in a company to provide feedback for improvement in minimizing musculoskeletal complaints and work stress. During the model development, a total of 265 respondents were recruited from employees of a aircraft manufacturing company. Results of this study recommended eight dimensions of ergonomics climate, namely management commitment and involvement, training and knowledge management, employee involvement, communication system and hazard identification, hazard reporting system and follow-up, policy and procedure, resources management, and planning and priority management. The instrument resulted was tested to a mining contractor company by involving 120 employees as the respondents. The result showed that the ergonomics climate was significantly correlated with safety climate and had a negative relationship to musculoskeletal complaints and work-related stress.
Keywords: ergonomics climate, safety management, musculoskeletal complaints, stress
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