Faktor Utama Kesuksesan Wirausaha di Industri Pangan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2015.14.1.4Abstract
Abstrak. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesuksesan wirausaha (entrepreneur) banyak diteliti di negara maju, namun kajian dengan topik sama di Indonesia masih terbatas. Dalam upaya untuk mengisi kesenjangan tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesuksesan entrepreneur di Jawa. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan tujuh faktor dengan 45 indikator kesuksesan kewirausahaan dan jumlah sample 34 orang pelaku wirausaha di Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Bandung dan Bogor. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dengan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang paling signifikan mempengaruhi kesuksesan wirausaha terdapat lima faktor dominan dengan lima belas indikator yaitu faktor psikologis, faktor perilaku kerja, (3) faktor bentuk organisasi, faktor bantuan teknis, dan faktor kompetensi inti. Dibandingkan dengan konsep Kiggundu, terdapat tiga variabel baru yang memengaruhi kesuksesan entrepreneur yaitu motivasi, peluang, dan pengalaman bisnis. Hasil penelitian memberikan implikasi teoritis bahwa masih terdapat beberapa variabel yang dapat ditambahkan dalam menentukan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kesuksesan wirausaha. Implikasi managerial menunjukan bahwa penggunaan teori Kigundu dalam melakukan penelitian dengan kasus industri pangan di Jawa ternyata memberikan hasil yang komprehensif sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar dalam merumuskan kebijakan pengembangan wirausaha di Jawa khususnya dan di Indonesia pada umumnya dengan mempertimbangkan penambahan beberapa variabel sesuai dengan hasil penelitian.
Kata kunci : wirausaha, faktor sukses, industri makanan, Jawa
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Abstract.Although factors that influence the success of entrepreneurs have been widely studied in developed countries, but only few of them were conducted in Indonesia. As an effort to fill this gap, this study is conducted with the purpose of analyzing factors that influence the success of entrepreneurs in the food industry in Java. In this research used seven factors with 45 indicators of entrepreneurial success and the amount of sample 34 entrepreneurs in Yogyakarta, Surabaya, Malang, Bandung and Bogor. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis with a validity test, reliability test and classical assumption, and qualitative analysis. The results showed that there were five dominant factors with fifteen indicators affecting the success of entrepreneurs in the industry. The five most dominant factor are psychological factor, working behavior factors, core competence factor, organizational form factor, and technical assistance factor. Compared to the concept of Kiggundu, there are three new variables affecting the success of entrepreneurs, i.e motivation, opportunities and business experience. This result provides theoretical implication that there are several variables that can be added to determine the success of entrepreneurs in the food industry. Managerial implications shows the use of Kiggundu theory, in conducting research with the case of the food industry in Java, provides comprehensive results that it can be used as a basis for formulating an entrepreneurial development policy in Java in particular and Indonesia in general, taking into account the addition of several variables in accordance with the results of research.
Keywords: entrepreneur, success factors, food industry, Java
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