Technology Component System Framework (TCSF) as an Ex-Ante Assessment of Science and Technology Parks: An Integrative Review

Abstract

Abstract—Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are crucial parts of the national innovation system in developing countries such as Indonesia. Many challenges have arisen in the vision of developing 100 STPs, one of which is the overemphasis on physical infrastructure. Existing evaluation models largely rely on ex-post "black box" output metrics, such as patents and spin-offs, which are inappropriate for early-stage STPs that are not yet operational and possess complete technology. To address this challenge, this study conducts a structured integrative review to integrate the Technology Component System Framework (TCSF) as an ex-ante assessment framework for STPs. This approach is based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and represents a different perspective from output-based performance assessment. The conventional synthesis produced a conceptual summary of the components of an STP technology system. These results are expected to be useful for STP managers to balance the utilization of complex technology components and guide further research on ex-ante STP assessment.

Keywords—Science and Technology Parks, Ex-Ante Assessment, TCSF, Technological Capability, and Resource-Based View.