Constructing Hypothetical Models of Stakeholder Relationships in Remanufacturing Systems: Insights from SLR and Focus Group Discussion

Authors

  • Komang Nickita Sari 1) Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia; 2) Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Maria Anityasari Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Tatbita Titin Suhariyanto 1) Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia; 3) Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  • Rindi Kusumawardani Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Udi Subakti Ciptomulyono Department of Industrial and System Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • Boon Cheong Chew Faculty of Management and Technopreneurship, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia

Abstract

Abstract - Remanufacturing has emerged as a vital component of the circular economy, offering environmental and economic benefits through the restoration of used products to like-new conditions. Among the various types of remanufacturers, independent remanufacturers (IRs) play a particularly significant role, especially in developing countries where remanufacturing is still evolving. This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) aimed at understanding the roles, interactions, and business models of IRs within the remanufacturing ecosystem, with a specific focus on the heavy equipment industry in Indonesia. The SLR process incorporated 363 articles from ScienceDirect and Google Scholar, which were filtered down to 46 eligible articles based on strict inclusion criteria. To enrich the findings, a focus group discussion (FGD) involving eleven heavy equipment companies operating in Indonesia was conducted. The study identifies distinct interaction patterns between IRs and other remanufacturing actors such as OEMs, outsourced remanufacturers, and contracted remanufacturers. Additionally, this paper proposes hypothetical models for each type of actor to illustrate potential collaborations and conflicts.

Keywords-Remanufacturing, Independent Remanufacturer (IR), OEM, Circular Economy, Business Model, Systematic Literature Review, Heavy Equipment Industry, Indonesia

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Submitted

2025-09-09

Published

2025-09-10

Conference Proceedings Volume

Proceedings of The 9th International Conference on Management in Emerging Markets (ICMEM) SBM ITB

Section

Articles