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Abstract
Abstract. This study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship education and creativity on entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Indonesia, incorporating entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a mediator and resilience as a moderator. Grounded in Social Cognitive Theory and the Resource-Based View, the research examines how educational experiences, and psychological traits interact to shape students’ entrepreneurial motivation. Using survey data from 400 students across five Indonesian islands, Java, Sumatra, Lombok, Bali, and Sulawesi, the model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling and Multi-Group Analysis. The results reveal that both entrepreneurship education and creativity significantly influence entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates these relationships, reinforcing its role as a psychological mechanism that enables students to transform learning and creative potential into entrepreneurial drive. Additionally, the relationship between entrepreneurship education and intention is significantly stronger for students with high levels of self-efficacy and resilience, but not significant among those with low levels of these traits. These findings highlight the importance of psychological readiness in maximizing the impact of entrepreneurship education. Practically, universities should adopt pedagogical approaches that combine experiential learning with efforts to build self-efficacy, stimulate creativity, and cultivate resilience to better prepare students for entrepreneurial careers in emerging and dynamic economic contexts.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, creativity, resilience, Indonesia
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
References
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- Gerhart, B., & Feng, J. (2021). The Resource-Based View of the Firm, Human Resources, and Human Capital: Progress and Prospects. Journal of Management, 47(7), 1796–1819. doi: 10.1177/0149206320978799
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- Guo, J. (2022). The significance of green entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Mediating and moderating role of green innovation and green knowledge sharing culture. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1001867. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001867
- Harianto, E., Teofilus, T., Wahyudono, D. B. K., Menny, A. H., & Azizurrohman, M. (2023). The Phenomenon of Discomfort toward Organizational Change Moderated by Empowering Leadership. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(4), 863–875. doi: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.04.01
- Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. M. B., & Hussain, S. A. (2021). Individual entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial motivations. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 403–418. doi: 10.1177/09504222211007051
- Hatidja, S., Bahtiar, Mariana, L., Quach, T. M., & Aisyah, S. (2025). Employee Excellence and Workplace Diversity: Key Drivers of Satisfaction, Retention, and Brand Success in Ethnic Restaurants. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 158–171. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.319
- Jamaluddin. (2025). Impact of Remote Working on Employee Productivity During COVID-19 in Indonesia: The Moderating Role of Job Level and the Influence of Cultural Adaptability. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 88–98. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.356
- Kusumojanto, D. D., Wibowo, A., Kustiandi, J., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2021). Do entrepreneurship education and environment promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? The role of entrepreneurial attitude. Cogent Education, 8(1). doi: 10.1080/2331186x.2021.1948660
- Mahmudin, T. (2023). The Importance of entrepreneurship education in preparing the young generation to face global economic challenges. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(3), 187–192. doi: 10.61100/adman.v1i3.78
- Mai, Y., Wu, Y. J., & Huang, Y. (2021). What type of social support is important for student resilience during COVID-19? A latent profile analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 646145. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646145
- Martínez-Gregorio, S., Badenes-Ribera, L., & Oliver, A. (2021). Effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention and related outcomes in educational contexts: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100545. doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100545
- Maydiantoro, A., Ridwan, R., Tusianah, R., Rachman, A., Kesuma, P., Isnainy, U., & Zainaro, M. A. (2021). Entrepreneurship in higher education curriculla: Evidence from Indonesia. Psychology and Education, 58(3), 936–949. doi: 10.17762/pae.v58i3.3027
- Morales-Navarro, L., Giang, M. T., Fields, D. A., & Kafai, Y. B. (2024). Connecting beliefs, mindsets, anxiety and self-efficacy in computer science learning: An instrument for capturing secondary school students’ self-beliefs. Computer Science Education, 34(3), 387–413. doi: 10.1080/08993408.2023.2201548
- Motta, V. F., & Galina, S. V. R. (2023). Experiential learning in entrepreneurship education: A systematic literature review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 121, 103919. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.103919
- Ortega, L., & Acero, J. P. (2025). Nexus of organizational Culture and Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Politics in Local Government Setting. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 129–144. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.362
- Osmani, M., El-Haddadeh, R., Hindi, N. M., & Weerakkody, V. (2022). The influence of creativity on the entrepreneurial intention of university female graduates: An SEM approach. Industry and Higher Education, 36(5), 556–567. doi: 10.1177/09504222211061231
- Pham, M., Lam, B. Q., & Le, V. P. T. (2023). The e-entrepr
References
Adebusuyi, A. S., Adebusuyi, O. F., & Kolade, O. (2022). Development and validation of sources of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and outcome expectations: A social cognitive career theory perspective. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100572. doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100572
Alam, R. (2025). Building Adaptive Workforces: HRM and Digital Competency in Tourism Innovation. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 119–128. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.357
Alkhalaf, T., Durrah, O., Almohammad, D., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Can entrepreneurial knowledge boost the entrepreneurial intent of French students? The mediation role of behavioral antecedents. Management Research Review, 45(12), 1545–1571. doi: 10.1108/MRR-06-2021-0432
Alshebami, A. S., & Murad, M. (2022). The moderation effect of entrepreneurial resilience on the relationship between financial literacy and sustainable performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 954841. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954841
Amalia, R. T., & Von Korflesch, H. F. O. (2021). Entrepreneurship education in Indonesian higher education: Mapping literature from the Country’s perspective. Entrepreneurship Education, 4(3), 291–333. doi: 10.1007/s41959-021-00053-9
Aminullah, A., & Wusko, A. U. (2025a). Pentahelix Model to Create Shared Value in Empowering the People of Winong Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), Article 2. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.348
Aminullah, A., & Wusko, A. U. (2025b). Pentahelix Model to Create Shared Value in Empowering the People of Winong Village, Gempol District, Pasuruan Regency. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), Article 2. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.348
Anjum, T., Díaz Tautiva, J. A., Zaheer, M. A., & Heidler, P. (2024). Entrepreneurial Intentions: Entrepreneurship Education Programs, Cognitive Motivational Factors of Planned Behavior, and Business Incubation Centers. Education Sciences, 14(9), 983. doi: 10.3390/educsci14090983
Athota, V., & Malik, A. (2019). Managing Employee Well-being and Resilience for Innovation: Evidence from Knowledge-intensive Service Industries | SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-06188-3
Atrup, A., Diawati, P., Syamsuri, S., Pramono, S. A., & Ausat, A. M. A. (2023). The effect of entrepreneurship education and creativity on students’ entrepreneurial intention: The perspective of effectuation and cognitive flexibility theory. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 9(2), 555–569. doi: 10.5539/ies.v10n9p61
Bandura, A. (2023). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective on human nature. John Wiley & Sons. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=uEq2EAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=social+cognitive+theory&ots=A4-3MrXiYi&sig=Dt9UAH75F_pZNfGqUt1O49r4xUE
Barkat, K., Mimouni, K., Alsamara, M., & Mrabet, Z. (2024). Achieving the sustainable development goals in developing countries: The role of remittances and the mediating effect of financial inclusion. International Review of Economics & Finance, 95, 103460. doi: 10.1016/j.iref.2024.103460
Do Nguyen, Q., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial capacity. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(1), 100730.
Drzewiecki, D. M., Wavering, H. M., Milbrath, G. R., Freeman, V. L., & Lin, J. Y. (2020). The association between educational attainment and resilience to natural hazard-induced disasters in the West Indies: St. Kitts & Nevis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 47, 101637. doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101637
Duong, C. D. (2022). Exploring the link between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: The moderating role of educational fields. Education+ Training, 64(7), 869–891. doi: 10.1108/ET-05-2021-0173
Ediagbonya, K., Odibo, G. D., & Okoduwa, O. F. (2024). Entrepreneurship Education and Resilience as Predictors of Business Education Students’ Social Entrepreneurial Intention in Edo State. Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship Education, 3(1), 160–167. https://jobee.rsu.edu.ng/index.php/j/article/view/33
Ferreira-Neto, M. N., de Carvalho Castro, J. L., de Sousa-Filho, J. M., & de Souza Lessa, B. (2023). The role of self-efficacy, entrepreneurial passion, and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1134618. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134618f
Frank, L., & Mohamed, S. (2024). Innovation and Creativity: Exploring the role of innovation and creativity in strategic planning.
Gerhart, B., & Feng, J. (2021). The Resource-Based View of the Firm, Human Resources, and Human Capital: Progress and Prospects. Journal of Management, 47(7), 1796–1819. doi: 10.1177/0149206320978799
Gouvea, R., Kapelianis, D., Montoya, M.-J. R., & Vora, G. (2021). The creative economy, innovation and entrepreneurship: An empirical examination. Creative Industries Journal, 14(1), 23–62. doi: 10.1080/17510694.2020.1744215
Guo, J. (2022). The significance of green entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Mediating and moderating role of green innovation and green knowledge sharing culture. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1001867. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1001867
Harianto, E., Teofilus, T., Wahyudono, D. B. K., Menny, A. H., & Azizurrohman, M. (2023). The Phenomenon of Discomfort toward Organizational Change Moderated by Empowering Leadership. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 21(4), 863–875. doi: 10.21776/ub.jam.2023.021.04.01
Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. M. B., & Hussain, S. A. (2021). Individual entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial motivations. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 403–418. doi: 10.1177/09504222211007051
Hatidja, S., Bahtiar, Mariana, L., Quach, T. M., & Aisyah, S. (2025). Employee Excellence and Workplace Diversity: Key Drivers of Satisfaction, Retention, and Brand Success in Ethnic Restaurants. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 158–171. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.319
Jamaluddin. (2025). Impact of Remote Working on Employee Productivity During COVID-19 in Indonesia: The Moderating Role of Job Level and the Influence of Cultural Adaptability. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 88–98. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.356
Kusumojanto, D. D., Wibowo, A., Kustiandi, J., & Narmaditya, B. S. (2021). Do entrepreneurship education and environment promote students’ entrepreneurial intention? The role of entrepreneurial attitude. Cogent Education, 8(1). doi: 10.1080/2331186x.2021.1948660
Mahmudin, T. (2023). The Importance of entrepreneurship education in preparing the young generation to face global economic challenges. Journal of Contemporary Administration and Management (ADMAN), 1(3), 187–192. doi: 10.61100/adman.v1i3.78
Mai, Y., Wu, Y. J., & Huang, Y. (2021). What type of social support is important for student resilience during COVID-19? A latent profile analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 646145. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646145
Martínez-Gregorio, S., Badenes-Ribera, L., & Oliver, A. (2021). Effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention and related outcomes in educational contexts: A meta-analysis. The International Journal of Management Education, 19(3), 100545. doi: 10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100545
Maydiantoro, A., Ridwan, R., Tusianah, R., Rachman, A., Kesuma, P., Isnainy, U., & Zainaro, M. A. (2021). Entrepreneurship in higher education curriculla: Evidence from Indonesia. Psychology and Education, 58(3), 936–949. doi: 10.17762/pae.v58i3.3027
Morales-Navarro, L., Giang, M. T., Fields, D. A., & Kafai, Y. B. (2024). Connecting beliefs, mindsets, anxiety and self-efficacy in computer science learning: An instrument for capturing secondary school students’ self-beliefs. Computer Science Education, 34(3), 387–413. doi: 10.1080/08993408.2023.2201548
Motta, V. F., & Galina, S. V. R. (2023). Experiential learning in entrepreneurship education: A systematic literature review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 121, 103919. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.103919
Ortega, L., & Acero, J. P. (2025). Nexus of organizational Culture and Work Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Politics in Local Government Setting. Global Review of Tourism and Social Sciences, 1(2), 129–144. doi: 10.53893/grtss.v1i2.362
Osmani, M., El-Haddadeh, R., Hindi, N. M., & Weerakkody, V. (2022). The influence of creativity on the entrepreneurial intention of university female graduates: An SEM approach. Industry and Higher Education, 36(5), 556–567. doi: 10.1177/09504222211061231
Pham, M., Lam, B. Q., & Le, V. P. T. (2023). The e-entrepr