Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that contribute to the success of technology transfers. The specific objectives were to investigate 1) technological capabilities acquired by recipient firms through the technology transfer at the project level, 2) contributory factors that influence technology transfer, and 3) whether technological capabilities acquired by recipient firms are affected by these contributory factors. The study was conducted in Sri Lanka. The study developed a set of success factors and performance indicators to assess technological capabilities acquired by technology recipient firms. The study found two main types of technological capabilities gained by recipient firms through the technology transfer - “converting and acquiring capability” and “vending, modifying and generating capability”. Further, the study found five contributing factors for technology transfer - process management, intended use of technology, transfer components, technology needs analysis, and IP protection and licensing. It is also found that all five contributing factors significantly positively predict both types of technological capabilities gained by recipient firms through technology transfer. The findings of the study presented in this paper make valuable contributions to the existing literature on technology management and technology transfer.
Keywords: Asia, developing countries, international technology transfer, technology transfer, technology capabilities
Keywords
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
References
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- Bozeman, B. (2000). Technology transfer and public policy: A review of research and theory. Research Policy, 29(4/5), 627-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00093-1
- Coadour, D., Droff, J., & Bellais, R. (2019). Technology transfer and risks of knowledge leakages through training activities: An assessment in sovereign industries. Management International, 23, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.7202/1068539ar
- da Silva, V.L., Kovaleski, J.L., & R.N. Pagani (2019). Technology transfer and human capital in the industrial 4.0 scenario: A theoretical study. Future Studies Research Journal, 11(1), 102-122. https://doi.org/10.24023/FutureJournal/2175-5825/2019.v11i1.369
- Di Benedetto, C.A., Calantone, R.J., & Zhang, C. (2003). International technology transfer model and exploratory study in the People’s Republic of China, International Marketing Review, 20(4), 446-462. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330310485171
- Ebrahimpour, M., & Schonberger, R.J. (1984). The Japanese just-in-time/total quality control production system: potential for developing countries, International Journal of Production Research, 22(3), 421-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207548408942463
- Fransman, M., & King, K. (1984), Technological Capability in the Third World, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Grant, E.B., & Gregory, M.J. (1997). Adapting manufacturing processes for international transfer. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 17 No. 10, 1997, pp. 994-1005. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579710176997
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- Hacker, P.A., Schuh, G., Schaarschmidt, M., & de Gouveia, F.C. (2015). Success factors in trans-national technology transfer: Evidence from German-Brazil cooperation. The XXVI ISPIM Conference – Shaping the Frontiers of Innovation Management, Budapest, Hungary, 14-17 June. Available to download at www.ispim.org
- Huynh, T.T. (2018). Exploring factors influencing technology transfer capability: Constructing a model through grounded theory. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 17(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.17.1.49_1
- Jarohnovich, N., & Avotins, V. (2009). Assessment of technology transfer and diffusion models in Latvia. Journal of Business Management. 2, 31-41. https://journals.riseba.eu/index.php/jbm/issue/view/22
- Jayasena, T.D.S.A., Wickramasinghe V.M., & Dasanayaka, S.W.S.B. (2005). Technology transfer: The role of culture in transferring technology. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management in Third World, 387-400, Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, March 10, ISBN 955-9054-47-3
- Kortzfleisch, H.F.O., & Bertram, M., Zerwas, D., & Arndt, M. (2015). Consideration of knowledge and technology transfer characteristics for research evaluation. In I.M. Welpe, J. Wollersheim, S. Ringelhan & M. Osterloh (eds.), Incentives and Performance (449-463), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09785-5_27
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- Lee, S., Kim, B.S., Kim, Y., Kim, W., & Ahn, W. (2018). The framework for factors affecting technology transfer for suppliers and buyers of technology in Korea. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(2), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2017.1297787
- Lichtenthaler, U., & Lichtenthaler, E. (2010). Technology transfer across organizational boundaries: Absorptive capacity and desorptive capacity. California Management Review, 53(1), 154-170. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2010.53.1.154
- Mahboudi, M., & Ananthan, B.R. (2010). Effective factors in technology transfer in the pharmaceutical industries of Iran: A case study. The IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(1/2), 98-110. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1545724
- Malik, K. & Wickramasinghe, V. (2018). International technology transfer and developing country firms. XXIX ISPIM Innovation Conference - Innovation, the Name of the Game, Stockholm, Sweden, 17-20 June. Available to download at www.ispim.org
- Malik, K., & Bergfeld, M.-M. (2015). A conceptual framework for intra-company technology transfer: Cases of leveraging production process innovations across MNEs. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 27(10), 1129-1142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2015.1060309
- Malik, K., & Wickramasinghe, V. (2013). International technology transfer and its impact on innovation enhancement for firms based in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 12(1/2/3), 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTTC.2013.064130
- Molas-Gallart, J. (2017) Dual use technologies and transfer mechanism. In D. Schroeer & M. Elena (eds.), Technology Transfer, 1-20, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315202037
- Mom, T.J.M., Oshri, I., & Volberda, H.W. (2012). The skills base of technology transfer professionals. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(9), 871-891. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2012.718663
- Oparaocha, G.O. (2016). Towards building internal social network architecture that drives innovation: a social exchange theory perspective, Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(3), 534-556. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2015-0212
- Park, S.-H., & Lee, Y.-G. (2011). Perspectives on technology transfer strategies of Korean companies in point of resource and capability-based view. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 6(1), 161–184. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242011000100013
- Ranamathan, K. (1994). The polytrophic components of manufacturing technology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 46(3), 221-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(94)90003-5
- Schmiemann, M., & Durvy, J.N. (2003). New approaches to technology transfer from publicly funded research. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 28(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021622501820
- Sikdar, C. & Mukhopadhyay, K. (2020). Technology transfer and productivity growth - evidence from Indian manufacturing industries. The Journal of developing Areas, 54(4), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2020.0046
- Technology Atlas Team (1987) Components of technology for resources transformation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 32(1): 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(87)90004-7
- United Nations (2001). Transfer of technology. Geneva: United Nations. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/psiteiitd28.en.pdf
- Wickramasinghe, V., & Garusinghe, S. (2010). An exploratory study of human resource aspects of international technology transfers to Sri Lankan private sector manufacturing firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30(6), 584-611. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571011046030
References
Andrenelli, A., Gourdon, J., & Moise, E. (2020). International Technology Transfer, Japan SPOTLIGHT, March/April, 36-39. https://www.jef.or.jp/journal/pdf/230th_Cover_Story_08.pdf
Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology. (1989) A Framework for Technology-Based Development. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific: Bangkok. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12870/3622
Battistella, C., De Toni, A.F. & Pillon, R. (2016). Inter-organisational technology/knowledge transfer: A framework from critical literature review. Journal of Technology Transfer, 41(5), 1195-1234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-015-9418-7
Bozeman, B. (2000). Technology transfer and public policy: A review of research and theory. Research Policy, 29(4/5), 627-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00093-1
Coadour, D., Droff, J., & Bellais, R. (2019). Technology transfer and risks of knowledge leakages through training activities: An assessment in sovereign industries. Management International, 23, 115-126. https://doi.org/10.7202/1068539ar
da Silva, V.L., Kovaleski, J.L., & R.N. Pagani (2019). Technology transfer and human capital in the industrial 4.0 scenario: A theoretical study. Future Studies Research Journal, 11(1), 102-122. https://doi.org/10.24023/FutureJournal/2175-5825/2019.v11i1.369
Di Benedetto, C.A., Calantone, R.J., & Zhang, C. (2003). International technology transfer model and exploratory study in the People’s Republic of China, International Marketing Review, 20(4), 446-462. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330310485171
Ebrahimpour, M., & Schonberger, R.J. (1984). The Japanese just-in-time/total quality control production system: potential for developing countries, International Journal of Production Research, 22(3), 421-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207548408942463
Fransman, M., & King, K. (1984), Technological Capability in the Third World, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Grant, E.B., & Gregory, M.J. (1997). Adapting manufacturing processes for international transfer. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 17 No. 10, 1997, pp. 994-1005. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443579710176997
Gupta, A.K., Smith, K. G., & Shalley, C.E. (2006). The interplay between exploration and exploitation, Academy of Management Journal, 49(4), 693-706. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.22083026
Hacker, P.A., Schuh, G., Schaarschmidt, M., & de Gouveia, F.C. (2015). Success factors in trans-national technology transfer: Evidence from German-Brazil cooperation. The XXVI ISPIM Conference – Shaping the Frontiers of Innovation Management, Budapest, Hungary, 14-17 June. Available to download at www.ispim.org
Huynh, T.T. (2018). Exploring factors influencing technology transfer capability: Constructing a model through grounded theory. International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 17(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.17.1.49_1
Jarohnovich, N., & Avotins, V. (2009). Assessment of technology transfer and diffusion models in Latvia. Journal of Business Management. 2, 31-41. https://journals.riseba.eu/index.php/jbm/issue/view/22
Jayasena, T.D.S.A., Wickramasinghe V.M., & Dasanayaka, S.W.S.B. (2005). Technology transfer: The role of culture in transferring technology. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Business Management in Third World, 387-400, Faculty of Management Studies and Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, March 10, ISBN 955-9054-47-3
Kortzfleisch, H.F.O., & Bertram, M., Zerwas, D., & Arndt, M. (2015). Consideration of knowledge and technology transfer characteristics for research evaluation. In I.M. Welpe, J. Wollersheim, S. Ringelhan & M. Osterloh (eds.), Incentives and Performance (449-463), Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09785-5_27
Kumar, V., Kumar, U., & Persaud, A. (1999). Building technological capability through importing technology: The case of Indonesian manufacturing industry. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 24(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007728921126
Kundu, N., Bhar, C.., Pandurangan,V. (2015) Managing technology transfer: An analysis of intrinsic factors. South Asian Journal of Management, 22(3), 69-95. https://sajm-amdisa.org/images/stories/pdf/sajmvol.22.3-abstract.pdf
Lee, S., Kim, B.S., Kim, Y., Kim, W., & Ahn, W. (2018). The framework for factors affecting technology transfer for suppliers and buyers of technology in Korea. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(2), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2017.1297787
Lichtenthaler, U., & Lichtenthaler, E. (2010). Technology transfer across organizational boundaries: Absorptive capacity and desorptive capacity. California Management Review, 53(1), 154-170. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2010.53.1.154
Mahboudi, M., & Ananthan, B.R. (2010). Effective factors in technology transfer in the pharmaceutical industries of Iran: A case study. The IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(1/2), 98-110. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1545724
Malik, K. & Wickramasinghe, V. (2018). International technology transfer and developing country firms. XXIX ISPIM Innovation Conference - Innovation, the Name of the Game, Stockholm, Sweden, 17-20 June. Available to download at www.ispim.org
Malik, K., & Bergfeld, M.-M. (2015). A conceptual framework for intra-company technology transfer: Cases of leveraging production process innovations across MNEs. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 27(10), 1129-1142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2015.1060309
Malik, K., & Wickramasinghe, V. (2013). International technology transfer and its impact on innovation enhancement for firms based in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Technology Transfer and Commercialisation, 12(1/2/3), 8-21. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTTC.2013.064130
Molas-Gallart, J. (2017) Dual use technologies and transfer mechanism. In D. Schroeer & M. Elena (eds.), Technology Transfer, 1-20, London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315202037
Mom, T.J.M., Oshri, I., & Volberda, H.W. (2012). The skills base of technology transfer professionals. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 24(9), 871-891. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2012.718663
Oparaocha, G.O. (2016). Towards building internal social network architecture that drives innovation: a social exchange theory perspective, Journal of Knowledge Management, 20(3), 534-556. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2015-0212
Park, S.-H., & Lee, Y.-G. (2011). Perspectives on technology transfer strategies of Korean companies in point of resource and capability-based view. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 6(1), 161–184. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242011000100013
Ranamathan, K. (1994). The polytrophic components of manufacturing technology. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 46(3), 221-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(94)90003-5
Schmiemann, M., & Durvy, J.N. (2003). New approaches to technology transfer from publicly funded research. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 28(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021622501820
Sikdar, C. & Mukhopadhyay, K. (2020). Technology transfer and productivity growth - evidence from Indian manufacturing industries. The Journal of developing Areas, 54(4), 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2020.0046
Technology Atlas Team (1987) Components of technology for resources transformation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 32(1): 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(87)90004-7
United Nations (2001). Transfer of technology. Geneva: United Nations. https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/psiteiitd28.en.pdf
Wickramasinghe, V., & Garusinghe, S. (2010). An exploratory study of human resource aspects of international technology transfers to Sri Lankan private sector manufacturing firms. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30(6), 584-611. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571011046030