Main Article Content
Abstract
Abstract. Intellectual capital is an important topic that has been viewed as one of the most value increase of company resources and key capitals in entrepreneurial development. This study aims to design a model for measuring intellectual capital. The previous models are reviewed and indicators for measuring are extracted. The population is 1104 managers and experts of 13 firms of Iran Transfo Company and 285 samples were selected randomly classified from companies. Data were collected by questionnaire, and we use structural equation modelling for the analysis. Our proposed intellectual capital model includes 5 aspects of human, structural, customer, the relational and systemic capital. All aspects have significant positive relationship with each other. Structural, relational and customer capital had the most intense relationships in the model and systemic and human capital were in fourth and fifth respectively.
Keywords: Customer capital, human capital, intellectual capital, relational capital, structural capital
Keywords
Customer Capital
Human Capital
Intellectual Capital
Relational Capital
Structural Capital.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
How to Cite
Ahmadizad, A., Rastad, S. A., Zonoubi, M. H., & Ebrahimzadeh, M. (2019). Developing Intellectual Capital Model for Energy Industry. The Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM), 12(3), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2019.12.3.1
References
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Ackoff, R. L., Finnel, E. V., & Gharajedaghi, J. (1984). A guide to controlling your corporation's future. Wiley.
Andreou, A. N., & Bontis, N. (2007). A model for resource allocation using operational knowledge assets. The Learning Organization, 14(4), 345-374.
Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N. C., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999). The knowledge toolbox:: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible resources. European management journal, 17(4), 391-402.
Brooking, A. (1996). Intellectual Capital, International Thomson Business Press. Thomson Learning Europe.
Bukh, P. N., Larsen, H. T., & Mouritsen, J. (2001). Constructing intellectual capital statements. Scandinavian journal of management, 17(1), 87-108.
Campbell, D., & Rahman, M. R. A. (2010). A longitudinal examination of intellectual capital reporting in Marks & Spencer annual reports, 1978–2008. The British Accounting Review, 42(1), 56-70.
Chang, W. S. (2013). Are R&D and intellectual property rights related to the firms’ financial performance? The perspectives on intellectual capital. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 13(3), 245-260.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Yuan Xie, H. (2004). Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual capital, 5(1), 195-212.
Chen, C. J., Shih, H. A., & Yang, S. Y. (2009). The role of intellectual capital in knowledge transfer. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 56(3), 402-411.
Chitsazan, H., Bagheri, A., & Yusefi, A. (2017). Intellectual, psychological, and social capital and business innovation: the moderating effect of organizational culture. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 10(2), 307-333.
Chu, P. Y., Lin, Y. L., Hsiung, H. H., & Liu, T. Y. (2006). Intellectual capital: An empirical study of ITRI. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(7), 886-902.
Galbraith, J. K. (1969). Intellectual capital. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hsu, Y. H., & Fang, W. (2009). Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(5), 664-677.
Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B., & Olaisen, J. (2005). Intellectual capital as a holistic management philosophy: a theoretical perspective. International journal of information management, 25(2), 151-171.
Lee, S. H. (2010). Using fuzzy AHP to develop intellectual capital evaluation model for assessing their performance contribution in a university. Expert systems with applications, 37(7), 4941-4947.
Lu, W. M., Wang, W. K., & Kweh, Q. L. (2014). Intellectual capital and performance in the Chinese life insurance industry. Omega, 42(1), 65-74.
Martínez-Torres, M. R. (2006). A procedure to design a structural and measurement model of intellectual capital: an exploratory study. Information & Management, 43(5), 617-626.
Mølbjerg Jørgensen, K. (2006). Conceptualising intellectual capital as language game and power. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(1), 78-92.
Mouritsen, J., & Larsen, H. T. (2005). The 2nd wave of knowledge management: the management control of knowledge resources through intellectual capital information. Management accounting research, 16(3), 371-394.
Ordóñez de Pablos, P. (2006). Transnational corporations and strategic challenges: An analysis of knowledge flows and competitive advantage. The Learning Organization, 13(6), 544-559.
Petty, R., & Guthrie, J. (2000). Intellectual capital literature review: measurement, reporting and management. Journal of intellectual capital, 1(2), 155-176.
Pucci, T., Simoni, C., & Zanni, L. (2015). Measuring the relationship between marketing assets, intellectual capital and firm performance. Journal of Management & Governance, 19(3), 589-616.
Ramirez, Y., Lorduy, C., & Rojas, J. A. (2007). Intellectual capital management in Spanish universities. Journal of Intellectual capital, 8(4), 732-748.
Roos, J., Edvinsson, L., & Dragonetti, N. C. (1997). Intellectual capital: Navigating the new business landscape. Springer.
Rudež, H. N., & Mihalič, T. (2007). Intellectual capital in the hotel industry: A case study from Slovenia. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 188-199.
Salehi, M., Enayati, G., & Javadi, P. (2014). The relationship between intellectual capital with economic value added and financial performance. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 7(2), 259-283.
Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual capital: the new wealth of organizations, Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. Inc., New York, NY.
Sveiby, K. E. (1997). The new organizational wealth: Managing & measuring knowledge-based assets. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Tunc Bozbura, F. (2004). Measurement and application of intellectual capital in Turkey. The Learning Organization, 11(4/5), 357-367.
Yıldız, S., Meydan, C., & Güner, M. (2014). Measurement of intellectual capital components through activity reports of companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 614-621.
Youndt, M. A. (2000). Human resource considerations and value creation: the mediating role of intellectual capital. In Paper delivered at National Conference of US Academy of Management.
Zhou, A. Z., & Fink, D. (2003). The intellectual capital web: a systematic linking of intellectual capital and knowledge management. Journal of intellectual capital, 4(1), 34-4
References
Ackoff, R. L., Finnel, E. V., & Gharajedaghi, J. (1984). A guide to controlling your corporation's future. Wiley.
Andreou, A. N., & Bontis, N. (2007). A model for resource allocation using operational knowledge assets. The Learning Organization, 14(4), 345-374.
Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N. C., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999). The knowledge toolbox:: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible resources. European management journal, 17(4), 391-402.
Brooking, A. (1996). Intellectual Capital, International Thomson Business Press. Thomson Learning Europe.
Bukh, P. N., Larsen, H. T., & Mouritsen, J. (2001). Constructing intellectual capital statements. Scandinavian journal of management, 17(1), 87-108.
Campbell, D., & Rahman, M. R. A. (2010). A longitudinal examination of intellectual capital reporting in Marks & Spencer annual reports, 1978–2008. The British Accounting Review, 42(1), 56-70.
Chang, W. S. (2013). Are R&D and intellectual property rights related to the firms’ financial performance? The perspectives on intellectual capital. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 13(3), 245-260.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Yuan Xie, H. (2004). Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual capital, 5(1), 195-212.
Chen, C. J., Shih, H. A., & Yang, S. Y. (2009). The role of intellectual capital in knowledge transfer. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 56(3), 402-411.
Chitsazan, H., Bagheri, A., & Yusefi, A. (2017). Intellectual, psychological, and social capital and business innovation: the moderating effect of organizational culture. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 10(2), 307-333.
Chu, P. Y., Lin, Y. L., Hsiung, H. H., & Liu, T. Y. (2006). Intellectual capital: An empirical study of ITRI. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(7), 886-902.
Galbraith, J. K. (1969). Intellectual capital. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hsu, Y. H., & Fang, W. (2009). Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(5), 664-677.
Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B., & Olaisen, J. (2005). Intellectual capital as a holistic management philosophy: a theoretical perspective. International journal of information management, 25(2), 151-171.
Lee, S. H. (2010). Using fuzzy AHP to develop intellectual capital evaluation model for assessing their performance contribution in a university. Expert systems with applications, 37(7), 4941-4947.
Lu, W. M., Wang, W. K., & Kweh, Q. L. (2014). Intellectual capital and performance in the Chinese life insurance industry. Omega, 42(1), 65-74.
Martínez-Torres, M. R. (2006). A procedure to design a structural and measurement model of intellectual capital: an exploratory study. Information & Management, 43(5), 617-626.
Mølbjerg Jørgensen, K. (2006). Conceptualising intellectual capital as language game and power. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(1), 78-92.
Mouritsen, J., & Larsen, H. T. (2005). The 2nd wave of knowledge management: the management control of knowledge resources through intellectual capital information. Management accounting research, 16(3), 371-394.
Ordóñez de Pablos, P. (2006). Transnational corporations and strategic challenges: An analysis of knowledge flows and competitive advantage. The Learning Organization, 13(6), 544-559.
Petty, R., & Guthrie, J. (2000). Intellectual capital literature review: measurement, reporting and management. Journal of intellectual capital, 1(2), 155-176.
Pucci, T., Simoni, C., & Zanni, L. (2015). Measuring the relationship between marketing assets, intellectual capital and firm performance. Journal of Management & Governance, 19(3), 589-616.
Ramirez, Y., Lorduy, C., & Rojas, J. A. (2007). Intellectual capital management in Spanish universities. Journal of Intellectual capital, 8(4), 732-748.
Roos, J., Edvinsson, L., & Dragonetti, N. C. (1997). Intellectual capital: Navigating the new business landscape. Springer.
Rudež, H. N., & Mihalič, T. (2007). Intellectual capital in the hotel industry: A case study from Slovenia. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 188-199.
Salehi, M., Enayati, G., & Javadi, P. (2014). The relationship between intellectual capital with economic value added and financial performance. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 7(2), 259-283.
Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual capital: the new wealth of organizations, Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. Inc., New York, NY.
Sveiby, K. E. (1997). The new organizational wealth: Managing & measuring knowledge-based assets. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Tunc Bozbura, F. (2004). Measurement and application of intellectual capital in Turkey. The Learning Organization, 11(4/5), 357-367.
Yıldız, S., Meydan, C., & Güner, M. (2014). Measurement of intellectual capital components through activity reports of companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 614-621.
Youndt, M. A. (2000). Human resource considerations and value creation: the mediating role of intellectual capital. In Paper delivered at National Conference of US Academy of Management.
Zhou, A. Z., & Fink, D. (2003). The intellectual capital web: a systematic linking of intellectual capital and knowledge management. Journal of intellectual capital, 4(1), 34-4
Andreou, A. N., & Bontis, N. (2007). A model for resource allocation using operational knowledge assets. The Learning Organization, 14(4), 345-374.
Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N. C., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999). The knowledge toolbox:: A review of the tools available to measure and manage intangible resources. European management journal, 17(4), 391-402.
Brooking, A. (1996). Intellectual Capital, International Thomson Business Press. Thomson Learning Europe.
Bukh, P. N., Larsen, H. T., & Mouritsen, J. (2001). Constructing intellectual capital statements. Scandinavian journal of management, 17(1), 87-108.
Campbell, D., & Rahman, M. R. A. (2010). A longitudinal examination of intellectual capital reporting in Marks & Spencer annual reports, 1978–2008. The British Accounting Review, 42(1), 56-70.
Chang, W. S. (2013). Are R&D and intellectual property rights related to the firms’ financial performance? The perspectives on intellectual capital. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 13(3), 245-260.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Yuan Xie, H. (2004). Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical study. Journal of Intellectual capital, 5(1), 195-212.
Chen, C. J., Shih, H. A., & Yang, S. Y. (2009). The role of intellectual capital in knowledge transfer. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 56(3), 402-411.
Chitsazan, H., Bagheri, A., & Yusefi, A. (2017). Intellectual, psychological, and social capital and business innovation: the moderating effect of organizational culture. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 10(2), 307-333.
Chu, P. Y., Lin, Y. L., Hsiung, H. H., & Liu, T. Y. (2006). Intellectual capital: An empirical study of ITRI. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(7), 886-902.
Galbraith, J. K. (1969). Intellectual capital. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Hsu, Y. H., & Fang, W. (2009). Intellectual capital and new product development performance: The mediating role of organizational learning capability. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(5), 664-677.
Johannessen, J. A., Olsen, B., & Olaisen, J. (2005). Intellectual capital as a holistic management philosophy: a theoretical perspective. International journal of information management, 25(2), 151-171.
Lee, S. H. (2010). Using fuzzy AHP to develop intellectual capital evaluation model for assessing their performance contribution in a university. Expert systems with applications, 37(7), 4941-4947.
Lu, W. M., Wang, W. K., & Kweh, Q. L. (2014). Intellectual capital and performance in the Chinese life insurance industry. Omega, 42(1), 65-74.
Martínez-Torres, M. R. (2006). A procedure to design a structural and measurement model of intellectual capital: an exploratory study. Information & Management, 43(5), 617-626.
Mølbjerg Jørgensen, K. (2006). Conceptualising intellectual capital as language game and power. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7(1), 78-92.
Mouritsen, J., & Larsen, H. T. (2005). The 2nd wave of knowledge management: the management control of knowledge resources through intellectual capital information. Management accounting research, 16(3), 371-394.
Ordóñez de Pablos, P. (2006). Transnational corporations and strategic challenges: An analysis of knowledge flows and competitive advantage. The Learning Organization, 13(6), 544-559.
Petty, R., & Guthrie, J. (2000). Intellectual capital literature review: measurement, reporting and management. Journal of intellectual capital, 1(2), 155-176.
Pucci, T., Simoni, C., & Zanni, L. (2015). Measuring the relationship between marketing assets, intellectual capital and firm performance. Journal of Management & Governance, 19(3), 589-616.
Ramirez, Y., Lorduy, C., & Rojas, J. A. (2007). Intellectual capital management in Spanish universities. Journal of Intellectual capital, 8(4), 732-748.
Roos, J., Edvinsson, L., & Dragonetti, N. C. (1997). Intellectual capital: Navigating the new business landscape. Springer.
Rudež, H. N., & Mihalič, T. (2007). Intellectual capital in the hotel industry: A case study from Slovenia. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(1), 188-199.
Salehi, M., Enayati, G., & Javadi, P. (2014). The relationship between intellectual capital with economic value added and financial performance. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 7(2), 259-283.
Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual capital: the new wealth of organizations, Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group. Inc., New York, NY.
Sveiby, K. E. (1997). The new organizational wealth: Managing & measuring knowledge-based assets. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Tunc Bozbura, F. (2004). Measurement and application of intellectual capital in Turkey. The Learning Organization, 11(4/5), 357-367.
Yıldız, S., Meydan, C., & Güner, M. (2014). Measurement of intellectual capital components through activity reports of companies. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 614-621.
Youndt, M. A. (2000). Human resource considerations and value creation: the mediating role of intellectual capital. In Paper delivered at National Conference of US Academy of Management.
Zhou, A. Z., & Fink, D. (2003). The intellectual capital web: a systematic linking of intellectual capital and knowledge management. Journal of intellectual capital, 4(1), 34-4