Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Pemasok di Perusahaan Manufaktur dengan Metode Fuzzy ANP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12695/jmt.2017.16.1.1Keywords:
Decision making model, procurement, supplier selection, ANP, fuzzy, multi criteria decision making (MCDM)Abstract
Abstrak. Persoalan pemilihan pemasok merupakan masalah penting dalam perusahaan karena hal ini akan sangat menentukan kemampuan perusahaan untuk menjamin ketersediaan bahan baku produksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan model pengambilan keputusan fuzzy-ANP (fuzzy analytic network process) dalam kasus pemilihan pemasok di sebuah perusahaan manufaktur. Metode gabungan fuzzy dan ANP digunakan karena selain perlu mempertimbangkan ketergantungan antar kriteria, juga ingin diminimalisasi ketidakpastian dan ketidaktepatan pada penilaian tingkat kepentingan tiap kriteria. Kerangka berpikir dari penelitian ini terdiri dari empat tahapan besar yaitu proses pembentukan kriteria dan subkriteria pemilihan pemasok, proses penentuan ketergantungan antar kriteria, proses pembobotan kriteria/subkriteria, serta proses penilaian pemasok. Proses pembobotan kriteria dihasilkan dari dua data yaitu data bobot kriteria tanpa dependency dan kriteria bobot dengan dependency. Proses pembentukan kriteria/subkriteria dan penilaian untuk menghasilkan bobot diperoleh dari pihak expert yang berada pada perusahaan tempat studi kasus penelitian dilakukan. Proses penilaian pemasok dilakukan dengan memberikan penilaian menggunakan 5 (lima) skala untuk masing-masing pemasok yang kemudian hasilnya akan diperbandingkan. Hasil dari metode ini adalah urutan ranking pemasok pada suatu proses pengadaan. Dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa metode fuzzy ANP terbukti tepat digunakan dalam konteks pengadaan bahan baku pada kasus yang dibahas karena kriteria/subkriteria yang digunakan memiliki ketergantungan satu sama lain, serta mampu meminimalisasi ketidakpastian atau ketidaktepatan dalam melakukan penilaian. Dengan menggunakan metode ini, diperoleh kriteria yang memiliki bobot paling tinggi yaitu kriteria kualitas SDM yang mempengaruhi sebanyak 6 kriteria lainnya, diikuti dengan kriteria kualitas barang, reputasi pemasok, harga, dan metode pengiriman.
Kata kunci: Fuzzy-ANP, model keputusan, multi criteria decision making (MCDM), pengadaan, pemilihan pemasok.
Abstract. The issue of supplier selection is an important issue in the company because it will determine the company's ability to ensure the availability of raw materials in production. This study aims to establish a decision-making model for supplier selection which considers many criteria in which there is dependence between criteria. The method used is fuzzy-analytic network process (fuzzy-ANP). The combined fuzzy and ANP methods is used not only to consider dependencies between criteria, but also to minimize uncertainty and inaccuracy in the assessment of importance of each criterion. Four major stages used in the decision model, namely the establishment of supplier selection criteria and sub-criteria, the process of determining dependencies among the criteria, the weighting of the criteria/sub-criteria, and the last one is supplier assessment process. The process of weighting the criteria results in two data, criteria weights without dependency and criteria weights with dependency. The process of formation of criteria/sub-criteria and the ratings to generate weights were obtained from the experts from the company where case study was done. Supplier rsting process is done through assessment process using the 5 (five) scale rating. The results of rating for each supplier will then be compared. The results of this method is the ranking of suppliers in a certain procurement process. From this research it is known that the method used, fuzzy ANP, is proved to be appropriate considering that there are dependencies among the criteria/ sub-criteria used and the method is useful to minimize uncertainty or inaccuracy in the assessment process. By employing this method, criteria with the highest weight was obtained, that is quality of human resources which affect as much as 6 other criteria, followed by quality of product, supplier’s reputation, price, and delivery method.
Keywords: Fuzzy-ANP, decision model, multi criteria decision making (MCDM), procurement, supplier selection
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